【答案】D。
解析：John’s expectancy (expectation that by working hard he will be given the team leadership) is high, but valence (importance to Willy of becoming a team leader) is neutral, because he has both positive and negative feelings about it. Since Motivation = E x V, if V is 0, motivation is also 0. Valence 说的是愿不愿意的问题，expectancy说的是能不能的问题，针对这类题要能通过关键词去判断，另外对 Motivation = E x V公式需要掌握。
知识点：Motivating individuals and groups
【答案】B。
解析：Theory X is the managerial assumption that most people dislike work and responsibility and will avoid them if possible they have to be coerced and controlled to work adequately - hence the kinds of management measures described. Theory Y is the managerial assumption that people can be motivated to accept challenge and responsibility and contribute willingly to the firm - resulting in a quite different management style! “close supervision and rules for everything”这些关键词均表明是X理论，F1学习可抓住重点关键词来记忆和考试。
知识点：Motivating individuals and groups
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