1.The answer is B.
A unilateral contract is one that is accepted by performing an action. The case of Carlill v Carbolic
Smoke Ball Company 1893 is an example of a unilateral contract. Here the defendants advertised that they would pay 100 to anyone who caught influenza while using their product. This was held to be an offer to the world at large capable of being accepted by anyone fulfilling the necessary conditions.
2 The answer is B.
An agency relationship may be created retrospectively, by the 'principal' ratifying the act of the 'agent'. Therefore it is created after the 'agent' has formed a contract on behalf of the 'principal'.
If the principal agrees to the acts of the agent after the event, they may approve the acts of the agent and make it as if they had been principal and agent at the time of the contract.
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