Answer:
(a) Basic variances
Labour rate variance
Standard cost of labour per hour = $42/3 = $14 per hour.
Labour rate variance = (actual hours paid x actual rate) - (actual hours paid x std rate)
Actual hours paid x actual rate = $531,930.
Actual hours paid x std rate = 37,000 x $14 = $518,000.
Therefore rate variance = $531,930 - $518,000 = $13,930 A
Labour efficiency variance
Labour efficiency variance = (actual production in std hours - actual hours worked) x std rate
[(12,600 x 3) - 37,000] x $14 = $11,200 F
(b) Planning and operational variances
Labour rate planning variance
(Revised rate - std rate) x actual hours paid = [$14·00 – ($14·00 x 1·02)] x 37,000 = $10,360 A.
Labour rate operational variance
Revised rate x actual hours paid =$14·28 x 37,000= $528,360.
Actual cost = $531,930.
Variance = $3,570 A.
Labour efficiency planning variance
(Standard hours for actual production - revised hours for actual production) x std rate
Revised hours for each pair of gloves = 3·25 hours.
[37,800 – (12,600 x 3·25)] x $14 = $44,100 A.
Labour efficiency operational variance
(Revised hours for actual production - actual hours for actual production) x std rate
(40,950 - 37,000) x $14 = $55,300 F.
(c) Analysis of performance
解析：At a first glance,performance looks mixed because the total labour rate variance is adverse and the total labour efficiency variance is favourable. However,the operational and planning variances provide a lot more detail on how these variances have occurred.
The production manager should only be held accountable for variances which he can control. This means that he should only be held accountable for the operational variances. When these operational variances are looked at it can be seen that the labour rate operational variance is $3,570 A.
This means that the production manager did have to pay for some overtime in order to meet demand but the majority of the total labour rate variance is driven by the failure to update the standard for the pay rise that was applied at the start of the last quarter. The overtime rate would also have been impacted by that pay increase.
Then,when the labour efficiency operational variance is looked at,it is actually $55,300 F. This shows that the production manager has managed his department well with workers completing production more quickly than would have been expected when the new design change is taken into account. The total operating variances are therefore $51,730 F and so overall performance is good.
The adverse planning variances of $10,360 and $44,100 do not reflect on the performance of the production manager and can therefore be ignored here.
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